Analysis of Caduceus P2P network’s three layer structure: topological network structure (Part 1)
Blockchain has brought significant changes to internet firms, but the efficiency issues of the P2P network have also followed and it’s crucial to resolve these difficulties.
Practically speaking, the principles and technological means of the majority of blockchain enterprises are still rooted in the period of the old internet. At present, many businesses have just a basic grasp of the network’s underlying architecture, such as P2P networks, and don’t implement other necessary modifications. The P2P network introduced the most fundamental innovation, however as a consequence of conceptual stagnation, the transmission speed of the blockchain network layer is poor, resulting in several network issues.
In this article, we will examine the fundamental technological concepts of “Gossip”, “Topology network”, “HyperCube”, and “DHP network” as they pertain to the P2P network. All of these qualities will be examined via the lens of the Caduceus platform’s P2P network transmission technology.
The seven layer network protocol underpins the whole of the Internet (OSI model). From lowest to highest, the seven tiers are as follows: “physical layer” “data link layer”, “network layer”, “transport layer”, “session layer”, and “presentation layer”. The objective of the subsequent layers is to offer a common foundation and standard framework for the connectivity of various computers, as well as a common reference for ensuring the consistency and compatibility of associated standards.
Three main functions of IP
- Identification of nodes and links:
- Identify every node with a distinct IP address.
- Identify each connection with a distinct IP network number.
2. Address searching and forwarding features:
- Determine network and node location.
- The IP router selects the optimal path for IP packet transmission to the target node.
3. Adapting to diverse data links:
- According to the MTU of the connection, fragment and reassemble IP packets.
- A mapping of IP addresses to the data link layer must be made in order for data to be sent via the real data connection.
Primary purposes of the IP protocol:
- Identify nodes and links
IP gives each node a globally unique 32-bit IP address to identify it. The IP router identifies the location of the network where the node is situated based on the routing information it has. It then determines the position of the node and chooses an appropriate path to send the IP packet to the target node.
2. Adapt to varied data links
IP must be able to adapt to multiple data links in order to function on a variety of links and media. IP may be modified based on the Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) of the connection. The packet is fragmented and reassembled, and a mapping from the IP address to the data link layer may be formed in order to transfer data via the real data connection.
TCP/IP is the protocol upon which the Internet is built. TCP/IP may alternatively be seen as a four-layer design. Following the physical data connection layer are the network layer, transport layer, and application layer. To conform to OSI’s seven-layer protocol model, the physical data link layer may be subdivided into physical and data link layers, with each layer fulfilling its own requirements by executing network duties given by the layer above it:
- TCP/IP is mapped to the OSI application layer, the application layer, and the session layer.
- The TCP/IP protocol transport layer relates to the OSI transport layer.
- The OSI network layer is equivalent to the TCP/IP network layer.
- The data link layer and physical layer of the OSI model correlate to the data link layer of the TCP/IP protocol.
The connection between the seven-layer OSI model and the four protocol levels of TCP/IP is as follows:
- OSI presents several ideas, including service, interface, protocol, and layering. TCP/IP utilizes these OSI elements to construct the TTCP/IP paradigm.
2.OSI is initially recognized as a model, then as a protocol. OSI prioritizes the standard above the practice. TCP/IP begins with the protocol and application, then alludes to the OSI model and provides four protocol layer models of its own.
3. OSI is a theoretical paradigm, but TCP/IP has become the de facto standard for network connectivity due to its widespread usage.
Through the IP layer, the TCP/IP architecture may hide the differences between different underlying networks (IP over Everything), give a consistent IP packet service to the transport layer, and then provide a range of services to the application layer (Everything over IP).
In the three-layer P2P network design chosen by Caduceus, the intercontinental communication is managed by the topological network structure.
The network’s topology is the physical composition mode of the nodes and lines produced by the computer or equipment with the internet’s transmission channel. In a network, there are two sorts of nodes: the transfer node that information transforms and exchanges. In addition, node switches, hubs, and terminal controllers are included. The other category consists of access nodes, such as computer hosts and terminals. Lines signify both physical and immaterial transmission channels.
Each data node in the topology will be linked to two to three additional data nodes; these two to three data nodes are the outcome of optimization. It must have the highest transmission efficiency and the shortest transmission route. They will first create a backbone network (Backbone Network), with each region being a HyperCube structure, and then DHP (storage function).
Frequently, the selection of topology is intimately tied to the selection of transmission medium and the definition of medium access control techniques. Currently, Caduceus is a ring topology with the following characteristics:
1. Reliability: efficiently improve reliability and ensure that all data streams can be received accurately; the maintainability of the system makes fault detection and fault isolation more convenient.
2. Low latency, minimize response time.
3. Strong flexibility; if the network is expanded or changed in the future, the topology can be easily reconfigured.
4. High throughput; provides maximum throughput for developers.
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